The Symbols Of The 1920s - 934 Words

The 1920s were an age of dramatic social and political change. For the first time, more Americans lived in cities than on farms. The nation’s total wealth more than doubled between 1920 and 1929, and this economic growth swept many Americans into an affluent but unfamiliar â€Å"consumer society.† People from coast to coast bought the same goods (thanks to nationwide advertising and the spread of chain stores), listened to the same music, did the same dances and even used the same slang. Many Americans were uncomfortable with this new, urban, sometimes racy â€Å"mass culture†; in fact, for many–even most–people in the United States, the 1920s brought more conflict than celebration. However, for a small handful of young people in the nation’s big†¦show more content†¦By the end of the 1920s, there were radios in more than 12 million households. People also went to the movies: Historians estimate that, by the end of the decades, three -quarters of the American population visited a movie theater every week. But the most important consumer product of the 1920s was the automobile. Low prices (the Ford Model T cost just $260 in 1924) and generous credit made cars affordable luxuries at the beginning of the decade; by the end, they were practically necessities. In 1929 there was one car on the road for every five Americans. Meanwhile, an economy of automobiles was born: Businesses like service stations and motels sprang up to meet drivers’ needs. Cars also gave young people the freedom to go where they pleased and do what they wanted. (Some pundits called them â€Å"bedrooms on wheels.†) What many young people wanted to do was dance: the Charleston, the cake walk, the black bottom, the flea hop. Jazz bands played at dance halls like the Savoy in New York City and the Aragon in Chicago; radio stations and phonograph records (100 million of which were sold in 1927 alone) carried their tunes to listeners across the nation. Some older people objected to jazz music’s â€Å" vulgarity† and â€Å"depravity† (and the â€Å"moral disasters† it supposedly inspired), but many in the younger generation loved the freedom they felt on the dance floor. During the 1920s, some freedoms were expanded while others were curtailed. The 18th Amendment to theShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1389 Words   |  6 Pagesnot only of crime, changing action and roles of women, but also of many other different social and cultural trends. The 1920s was the Progressive era that was a response to the Gilded Age. The Progressive era was filled with many reformers that aimed to reform the social issues like the women’s movement who had started a temperance movement to prohibit people from drinking. The 1920s was also a time of a social gap where the wealthy got more rich and the poor increased and stayed beyond the povertyRead MoreSymbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1130 Words   |  5 Pagesconstantly throughout the book. In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald uses symbolism such as the eyes of Doctor. T.J. Eckleburg, the valley of ashes, and the green light as tools to develop the theme, the corruption of the American Dream. The distinctive symbols used in The Great Gatsby connect the ongoing themes of the 10920s throughout the novel with the social and morally destructive characters trying to achieve the American Dream, inflicting more internal and external conflict throughout the story. Read MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1210 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered the 1920s as a transitional period that shifted Americans society from traditional values to a new era of modernization. During this time, the economy boomed, which made the 1920s one of the most prosperous era in the U.S. The Roaring twenties was associate as the era of consumerism, the prohibition and the disillusionment with the American dream. Many historians and Literature scholars recognized F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, as the iconic book of the 1920s. In the novelRead MoreEssay Cars in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby695 Words   |  3 PagesGatsby, symbols are an important and integral part of what makes it a great novel. Though there are numerous and different aspects that could be explored, a repeated and often mentioned aspect are the revolutionary vehicles. Cars in the 1920s were a symbol of status and privilege as they were becoming increasingly affordable. Thoug h most people could own a car due to Ford releasing the Model T, the colored vehicles usually a sign of wealth and status. Fitzgerald often uses the car as a symbol of deathRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1920’s embodied a people who strove for wealth with complete disregard to the moral disgraces committed in the process of becoming rich. F. Scott Fitzgerald, the author of The Great Gatsby portrays the general feeling of the 1920’s through complex characters such as Jay Gatsby, Tom and Daisy Buchanan, and Nick Carraway. Fitzgerald uses symbols such as the billboard, the green light, and the valley of ashes to convey themes and propel the plot forward. T.J Eckleburg’s giant eyed billboard isRead MoreThe Green Light Symbolism In The Great Gatsby796 Words   |  4 Pagesachieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative†. But, by the 1920’s the American dream had become twisted and was more about becoming rich than being happy. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, several symbols are used to illustrate the corruption of the American Dream. These symbols include the green light, the valley of ashes and the eyes of Dr. TJ Eckleberg. A symbol that is repeated multiple times throughout the novel is the green light. The green light isRead MoreF.Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby Essay967 Words   |  4 Pageshigh society in the Roaring 20s. F. Scott Fitzgerald captured all three with his literary voice. He made impressions everywhere with the supreme achievement of his third novel, The Great Gatsby. This novel is a tale of people’s exciting lives in the 1920’s. Fitzgerald uses the Great Gatsby to illustrate the American identity during the early twentieth century. Fitzgerald uses symbolism and narrative techniques to illustrate the materialistic chase of the American dream by upper-class society in theRead MoreThe Role Of Fashion During The 1920 S974 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1920’s was a time of great change.   (Some changes that happened during 1920s were the nation s wealth doubled, more americans lived in the cities, advancements in technology, and women being able to vote.) One big cha nge that occurred during the 1920’s social shift was the fashion industry. Fashion is something that reflects the beliefs and social standards of that time. This industry, along with others, had an immense boom during the 1920s. The evolution of fashion during this decade is describedRead MoreEssay on Symbols of The Great Gatsby 1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe 1920s were a time of big dreams, moral decline, and hardships in America . The Roaring Twenties were a different time altogether with its bootleggers and speakeasies, women becoming more independent, the poor becoming poorer, but through all this was The American Dream keeping the hope afloat. F. Scott Fitzgerald captured this era in his book, The Great Gatsby. Through his many symbols he illustrates the hopes, the forgotten God, and the oppressed Americans of the Twenties. The symbols inRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1076 Words   |  5 PagesIn the book, The Great Gatsby, written by F. Scott Fitzg erald, Gatsby is exemplified through many symbols and idols. Fitzgerald uses cars to represent wealth, success, status, and glamour. As Friedrich Nietzsche states, â€Å"There are more idols in the world than there are realities.† Nietzsche’s quote shows how idols and symbols are used to create impressions. Images are powerful and set a stage for others to judge one’s character, enabling human beings to avoid seeing what realities are. Idols are

Modern Day Torture Used by the Government Free Essays

Techniques Is the governments way of saying torture. This Is very prevalent in George Rowel’s dyspepsia novel â€Å"1984. † In the last section of the book, the main character Winston is tortured severely for going against Big Brother and then killed right after. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern Day Torture Used by the Government or any similar topic only for you Order Now They brainwashed him in the process and got him to believe in things he knew weren’t true. As horrifying that is, it strangely resembles the way the united States government gets information. Though it Is In no way proven to always get accurate Information, the US along with many other countries still use this Orwellian method of control. The question is why. In 1984, Winston was being tortured as a result of him rebelling against Big Brother. The reason the Party tortured him was because they didn’t want him to die a martyr. They wanted to completely alter the way he thought and make him believe anything they said. Though he hated the Party originally, after torture he was convinced that, â€Å"He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother† (Orwell 245). To torture information out of someone is one thing but to change the way they think about something they are strongly opinionated about is another. This Just shows how much torture he went through and how damaging is was. The Party accomplished their mission in changing his mindset, which is much different than the goals when torturing modern day. Today, torture is used to accomplish a much deferent task. The mall purpose Is to extract Information from people, usually terrorists. When officials get no results after Interrogating a terrorist, they might use enhanced Interrogation techniques. This is a nice way of saying that they physically and psychologically torture information out of them. The reason is they are desperate. If the officials hind America is waiting for them to find good information, they will get it regardless of how false it is or how inhumane they must be to get it. Even though it is very possible they are being told lies, officials use that Information because they are either desperate for a lead or want to back something up. A fairly recent example Is Bush with the Iraq war. He himself approved of advanced Interrogation techniques and did not seem very sorrowful after seeing images of American soldiers torturing Iraq prisoners. Bush seemed to wave the image off saying they were just a,†few bad apples,† (Bush CTD in Johnson). He saw little significance in this story suggesting he was not surprised nor appalled. In 1984, It seems that torture Is almost always successful. The Party’s goal Is to make the torture victim believe anything they say, even if it goes against everything the person believes. They are then no longer a martyr and are killed as a lover of Big Brother. However. It is hard to say if anyone really succeeds when torturing modern day. Torturing usually results in three things; false information, psychologically and physically harmed individuals, and disappointed looks from many other nations. It is dangerous to put value Into any Information received through torture because It can it. If they genuinely know nothing about what they are being tortured for, they will still continuously be tortured until they speak. Bush falsely accused Iraq of holding Weapons of Mass Destruction (Wands) by doing this. This helped spark the Iraq war and lead to the death of thousands of people including innocent civilians. Torture also leads to the physical and psychological pain of the torture victim. In 1984, both of these are evident when Orwell described Cilia’s face and with Winston hanged mindset after being tortured. In America, evidence of torture is usually not visible on the persons body because many versions of torture are more psychological than physical. Some examples are water boarding or Chinese water torture. Water boarding is the act of trying someone down, putting a rag over their mouth and pouring water over it to mimic the feeling if drowning. They wait until the person begins suffocating to take the rag off for a quick break to ask for information. Chinese water torture is restraining someone on a bed so they cannot move (usually their ands are tied above their head and their head is in a head restraint so it cannot move at all). They simply let water drop on your forehead one drop at a time usually alone in a room. As time passes, the psychological terror builds up in the victim and they eventually beg for it to stop. Other countries and also Americans see this treatment and begin to question the government. They question the methods of obtaining information and what the government considers inhumane treatment. This questioning does not happen in 1984 because no one knows what happens when someone vanishes and if they so much as questioned Big Brother they would be unwished. Today’s society is much better because we can question our government and protestor our opinions without being tortured and killed. Orwellian method of torture is used to get people to believe in what the government wants them to believe. Modern day torture is used to get people to give information supporting what the government believes and what it wants to hear. Today, if the government uses torture all they will receive is false information, disappointed looks from American citizens and other nations, and psychologically and physically harmed people. How to cite Modern Day Torture Used by the Government, Papers

Placement Scenario Of And Adult Nursing Student Free Solution

Question: Discuss about a Article on Placement Reflection of and Adult Nursing Student Nurse 3rd Year? Answer: Gibbs reflective cycle (1988) is a model popularly used for the reflection of nursing practice. It has six stages, which includes description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan. This is a reflective study on a patient that we received in our rehab unit from the hospital (Bulman and Schutz 2013). The first stage of Gibbs reflective cycle is description, so the first phase of this work will be the description of the event. When I arrived on the day shift, my mentor allocated me to look after a patient who was admitted from the hospital at our rehab unit and I was supposed to look after him at the intermediate care unit. The patient was admitted with the complains of liver disease, ascites, swollen abdomen and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. I performed the primary diagnostic examinations like blood pressure monitoring, observed the fluid balance, weight check, etc. Respiratory status was monitored and degree of peripheral edema was assessed. Sodium and fluids were restricted to minimize fluid retention and correct dilutional hyponatremia (Keogh 2014, p. 11). Serum albumin and electrolytes were also monitored. From the provided descriptions, I had a clinical feeling that the patient might be suffering from alcoholic liver disease or liver cirrhosis depending upon the complaints he had during admission. Therefore, I will have to focus on the interventions related to such diseases and handle the associated symptoms. I did all I had to do to the patient throughout the shift with the help of my mentor who was helping me with patient care and monitoring whenever needed. The second stage of Gibbs reflective cycle is the feelings developed during the experience. I felt like I managed to look after the patient well as I had to do all the required nursing interventions my entire shift. I took the guidance and support of my mentor regarding something, which I was uncertain. I gained immense confidence and knowledge while looking after the patient and assessing his diseased condition (Mikkelsen et al. 2015, p. 3632). Any abnormal condition was immediately reported to the mentor and the nursing care taken thereafter was extremely helpful. This exposure levered my practical experience for the disease care conditions. Prior to the experience, I had doubtful feelings as this was the first time I was facing with alcoholic liver disease. During the experience, I learnt the nursing intervention procedures and the associated treatment to be provided. My reaction during the experience was very much attentive as this was a learning phase. After the experience, I ha d gathered sufficient experience to face similar situations for such patients. The third stage of Gibbs reflective cycle is evaluation of the positive and negative experiences I encountered during the process. The positive factor was that I gained a lot of confidence. It was me alone who was designated to take care of the patient. Therefore, every other thing associated with the concept of nursing was practically applied by me with full confidence. Like the different medications that the patient was administered and the rational reasoning behind it (Vardy et al. 2013, p. 261). Diuretics like spironolactone and frusemide were given to the patient for controlling edema and ascites and block the aldosterone effect. Potassium was administered to make up the loss of Potassium due to urinary loss and liver disease. Arterial vasodilators were administered improve the cardiac output. There were no such negative experiences as such excepting the fact that since this disease required long-term treatment and care, I was not assigned this patient for more than a day and so I could not learn from the entire regimen of treatment. The experience was good and informative and I had the opportunity to learn a lot. Everything went well throughout the experience without any bad event. The experience ended well but I could not remain throughout the complete intervention process for the treatment. The fourth stage of Gibbs' reflective cycle is analysis. From this reflective study, I learned that nursing is all about decision-making and clinical judgment. The job of a nurse is to provide patient care and a competent decision maker who is accountable for his actions through continuous learning. The nursing practice is essentially based on research, evidence and critical thinking that is entirely dependent on the diverse population of patients as well as their individual needs. I had to record all the nursing interventions accurately for the care I provided and made complete entries of the findings, assessment and treatment in the patients notes. The nursing interventions provided by me during the experience were the primary care during his admission. These interventions collectively lead to the treatment of the patient. My mentor appreciated the interventions provided by me. The fifth stage of Gibbs reflective cycle is conclusion. This includes the further steps, which should be taken to improve the patient condition and improve my skills. As I assessed my patient with the help of my mentor, I had to chalk out mitigation guidelines to prevent further health degradation of the patient. The patient was advised to have a balanced nutrition and develop good food habits. He should immediately stop any intake of alcohol by any means. His family members should be intimated of the problem and urge to provide social support for the gradual recovery process. I also need to keep my knowledge updated and learn more about patients with liver disease (Jaurigue and Cappell 2014, p. 2154). I could have given the patient intervention throughout the treatment process. However, I could not do that as my shift timings got over and I was not assigned this patient again. My learning goal was met by this experience regarding the nursing interventions. I got an opportunity to i mplement my knowledge during the experience. The sixth stage of Gibbs reflective cycle is action plan. It states the importance of setting up the experience to face similar future problems. It is important in the profession of nursing to have a teamwork and mutual co-operation. Since I got a limited chance to work on a single patient, I will make it a point to follow the complete treatment regimen for a single patient next time. This will enrich my nursing skills and, therefore, my confidence will be boosted to become a better nursing professional. Although I had a very good experience, still I would require learning more face such situations with confidence. For this, I need to learn more about emergency patients and their intervention through theory and practice. The priority area of improvement will include patient intervention and care without the supervision of my mentor. Reference Bulman, C. and Schutz, S. eds., 2013.Reflective practice in nursing. John Wiley Sons. Jaurigue, M.M. and Cappell, M.S., 2014. Therapy for alcoholic liver disease.World J Gastroenterol,20(9), pp.2143-2158. Keogh, K., 2014. Nurses role in reducing deaths from liver disease is crucial.Nursing Standard,29(11). Mikkelsen, M.R., Hendriksen, C., Schidt, F.V. Rydahl Hansen, S. 2015, "Coping and rehabilitation in alcoholic liver disease patients after hepatic encephalopathy in interaction with professionals and relatives",Journal of Clinical Nursing,vol. 24, no. 23-24, pp. 3627-3637. Vardy, M., Day, E., Webb, K., Russell, C., Sudhakaran, P., Ahmad, I., Cobain, K. and Aldulaimi, D., 2013. PTH-122 a retrospective study to compare the effectiveness of referral methods to alcohol services for specialist treatment from an acute hospital following brief intervention.Gut,62(Suppl 1), pp.A261-A261.

Style Essays (526 words) - Suit, Workwear, Clothing, Fashion

Simply Stylish: Your Ideal Silhouette What is Style? Style is the image or impression that you project to the world. Is it innate, or is it something that can be learned and refined? For some women, putting themselves together well is purely instinctive as they are naturally drawn to the right styles and colours for their body. For others research, an understanding of their body shape and good advice can be the right ingredients to achieving personal style. Even the most stylish women often have mentors or stylists to help them make the right clothing choices. Women with style consider carefully what they purchase and give thought to whatever they wear and wherever they wear it. Style isn?t about money, it is about making the right clothing choices. Stylish women understand how to mix and match their wardrobe and they have good taste. Stylish women also know how to adapt current looks to suit their age. Few things are more self affirming than dressing well. As Yves St Laurent said, ?fashion fades, style is eternal? How to Achieve Style Five major elements go into the creation of a garment. These are shape or silhouette, design details, colour, fabric weight and texture and fabric print and pattern. To find a garment with all these elements ideal for you can be difficult, but aim to achieve at least 3 out of the 5. With this knowledge, you can choose the best style suited to your shape, colouring and personality. In developing your personal style, consider also: Comfort ~ wear clothes that fit you perfectly, suit your personality and lifestyle. Confidence ~ know that you are presenting yourself at your best. Illusion ~ accentuate your positives and camouflage your challenges. Individuality ~ be you, not a clone of someone else. Appropriateness ~ dress appropriately for every occasion. Attitude ~ be positive. Current ~ maintain a current appearance. Body Proportion Analysis Your Ideal Silhouette is designed to provide women with an objective approach to successful dressing. Armed with only your dress size, shopping can be a frustrating experience if you have no real idea about what suits your body type, resulting in time wasted in the fitting room and money wasted on clothes that may or may not fit well or which may or may not be flattering to your figure. The programme will help you to take control of your wardrobe by eliminating poor clothing choices and aid in the selection of only those items that maximise positive features and minimise problem areas. Emphasis is placed on how to project a professional, polished and self-confident image. Measuring Up A woman?s body is divided into 4 sections to determine her proportions. The ideal body is supposed to be equal in each section. The sections are from the top of the head to the full bust, the full bust to the full hip, the full hip to the centre of the knee, the centre of the knee to the floor. Unequal proportions are not a problem. It is important, however, to know where you are long and short so that garment lengths can be altered to give you a balanced appearance.

Czech Republic essays

Czech Republic essays The government of the Czech Republic faced a political and financial crises in 1997 shattered their image as one of the most stable and prosperous post-Communist states. This somewhat new republic, despite the financial tribulation, has been able to reduce their inflation to 10 percent, formed a balanced budget, and hold unemployment down to only 3 percent, since their break away from the former Czechoslovak federation on January 1, 1993. The countrys gross domestic product (GDP) expanded in 1994 after losses of nearly 20% during the first few years of the 1990s. The Czech Republics GDP is currently about $120.8 billion according to a 1999 estimate, and the GDP per capita is The lands of the Czech Republic have always been a part of the most economically modern areas within the European continent. The Communists, when they obtained Czechoslovakia in 1948, created an economic system that was greatly centralized on the government. Nearly all aspects of the Czech economy was controlled by the national government. This government regulated economy also removed almost all external influence by non-Communistic countries. Though the Czech economy held strong by Eastern European standards, the policies produced from the Communist government led to an eventual economic decline in Czechoslovakia. Once the final remains of Communism was scraped out in 1989, a collapse of Czechoslovakia was inevitable because the legacy left behind would be incredibly hard to deal with for the new leaders of this new state. In the early 1990s the post-Communist government quickly converted the economy to a system based on free enterprise. The new governments also adopted several reform policies, including a voucher privatization plan. Under this plan, citizens were given, for a small government fee, coupons which could later be converted into stock in companies. The voucher plan successfully privatize...

An Email Approach To Build Your Brand With AdKaddys Cameron Cegala

An Email Approach To Build Your Brand With AdKaddys Cameron Cegala Is your email inbox out of control? Are you always clicking delete, spam, or unsubscribe? Brands and marketers need to minimize makeshift marketing to improve open rates, engagement, and relationships with subscribers and customers.   Today’s guest is Cameron Cegala, co-founder and Chief Operating Officer (COO) of AdKaddy. Cameron describes how AdKaddy, a startup experiencing significant growth on a small budget, stays organized. Some of the highlights of the show include: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Entrepreneurship: Hyper-focused to multi-functions AdKaddy: Addresses interruption caused by abundant advertising Why not unsubscribe? Fear of missing out (FOMO) and love for brands Control communication process by conveniently receiving messages  Ã‚   Content vs. Context: Shoppers want coupons, others want brand’s backstory AdKaddy: Organizes everything by brand and automatically sorts related emails State of Mind: Discovery process of feeding people ads is interruptive Email Marketing: Broken model and better ways to communicate with customers Connecting Consumers and Brands: Sweepstakes, earned media, Facebook ads Getting Started on a Small Budget: Be thoughtful about where to put dollars Google Drive, Trello, Slack: Leverage tools and strengths to stay on task   Advice for Entrepreneurs: Be comfortable feeling out of your league; and learn from others Links: AdKaddy AMP 141: A Marketing Rebellion: Why The Most Human Company Wins With Mark Schaefer Author of Marketing Rebellion   Google Drive Trello Slack Write a review on iTunes, and send a screenshot of it to receive cool swag! If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Cameron Cegala: â€Å"I have this really big passion for brands and for consumers and how they connect.† â€Å"AdKaddy was born out of this really simple frustration of the overabundance of marketing emailsconsumers receive on a daily basis.† â€Å"We want to receive these communications in a way that’s convenient to us; a way that we can control the process.† â€Å"The personal inbox is absolutely the most valuable real estate that a marketer has.†

Law - Devolution Scheme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law - Devolution Scheme - Essay Example Firstly, the departmental responsibility has been divided and unsettled (House of Commons 2009). This is a clear suggestion of the downfall of the scheme. Clarification of where the responsibility of the system of devolution lies in the following things. Firstly, the coherence of the system must be maintained as a whole. The constitutional issues should be dealt with only when the need arises. Additionally, the mutual relationship between the Whitehall departments and the devolved administrations should not be replaced. Furthermore, the government of the UK should not be recentralized in the breaching of the sole purpose of devolution. Failure t act to the suggestions implicated above means that the devolution scheme will be scraped off and a federal United Kingdom created in which the responsibility of each department will be enforced in a written constitution. Questions have also risen as to whether the devolved governments, which are a part of the United Kingdom, should have indiv idual Secretaries of the State in the Cabinet (Raco 2003). The relationships which exist between the administrations which are continuing to mature, the Secretary of State’s role has continued to decrease. This has raised questions and it has created need that the separation of the offices must be put forward. Any suggestion to change the role of the Secretary of State for Wales must put in to consideration that the process is still new. If individuals Secretaries of the State are created in the cabinet, this will force the devolution scheme to be scrapped of and a federal system of government will be introduced in which individual secretaries of the states exist. According to Morelli and Seaman (2007), the devolution process of the United Kingdom in terms of both income and social inclusion does not have any income equality. An instance of the inequality in income of devolution can be seen in the two most established instances of devolution. That is Scotland and Wales. Accor ding to a survey done by the British Household Panel, its data suggests that devolution appears to have had no discernable force on inequality on income (Wright 2005). This type of weakness might also lead to a federal government or a union government. This will enable each state to concentrate on its income equality. The United Kingdom will no longer have powers to grant statutory powers to the other countries. This is an implication that a union state will have to be introduced or a federal government introduced. The issue of the constitution of the UK being an ever changing character may also result to the failure of the devolution scheme. Instead of possessing a single document, many statutes of the Parliament exist. The parliament is usually made up of the queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Commons habitually has the legislations’ weight (Bradley & Ewing 2003). If any changes are to be done to the constitution concerning the devolution schem e, all the parties involved must be questioned. In order to eradicate the fact that House of Commons and the United Kingdom legislature having all the statutory powers, this means that a union state will be introduced

No particular topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

No particular topic - Essay Example ersight Service (IOS) was created in 2001 so as to improve not only the practice of governance but also the practice of internal control and risk management (UNESCO, 2015d). Therefore, aside from forming the â€Å"Internal Audit† branch, the IOS is also composed of two (2) other branches such as the â€Å"Investigation† and the â€Å"Evaluation† (UNESCO, 2015d). In general, UNESCO’s â€Å"Internal Audit† aims to improve its main operations by creating a systematic approach in improving the effectiveness of objectives (i.e. governance, internal control, and risk management) (UNESCO, 2015e) whereas the â€Å"Investigation† branch aims to investigate any conflict or any misconduct or violation of laws such as fraud and corruption that arises in different departments (UNESCO, 2015f). The main purpose of creating the â€Å"Evaluation Section† (EVS) is to ensure that the organization will be able to come up with a much better policy development (UNESCO, 2015g). Often times, improvements in evaluation practices can be done by implementing strict accountability and transparency as well as creating new strategies on how to effectively improve the existing evaluation and management practices (UNESCO, 2015g). ‘effectiveness’, ‘impact’, and ‘sustainability’ (Parsons, 2007, p. 8). In relation to the UNESCO evaluation criteria, this essay seeks to evaluate its impact on how to reduce the habit of smoking. As part of going through the main discussion, the key policy drivers behind the anti-smoking policy will be first identified followed by critically evaluating its effectiveness in terms of meeting the goal of reducing people’s smoking habit. Eventually, the effectiveness of the key policy drivers will be criticized not only within the local but also within the national and international level. The concept of policy development is all about being able to create â€Å"evidenced-based recommendations† that can be used as a guide in educating people through health

Green Mountain Coffee Essay Example for Free

Green Mountain Coffee Essay Green Mountain Coffee Roasters opened as a cafe in 1981 in Vermont. They roasted their own coffee and before long, demand grew and local restaurants and inns began to order their premium roasted coffee as well. Today the Company has extensive wholesale, direct mail and e-commerce operations. Green Mountain Coffee now has a distribution facility and two production sites in Vermont, and a manufacturing and warehousing facility in Knox County, TN (GMCR.com). GMCR’s operations are managed through two business units. The Specialty Coffee business unit produces coffee, tea and hot cocoa from its family of brands, including Tully’s Coffee, Green Mountain Coffee and Newman’s Own Organics coffee. The Keurig business unit is a leading manufacturer of gourmet single-cup brewing systems and markets its patented single-cup brewing systems for consumers at home and away-from-home. K-Cup portion packs for Keurig Single-Cup Brewers are produced by a variety of licensed brands, including Green Mountain Coffee, Starbucks, and Tully’s Coffee (GMCR.com). Keurig, Incorporated, which became a subsidiary of GMCR in 2006, is the second business unit of Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Inc. Keurig was launched in 1990 by Peter Dragone and John Sylvan, who asked themselves why do we brew coffee by the pot when we drink it by the cup? From this question, the concept of Keurig K-Cup portion-pack brewing was born. Keurig brewing systems employ a design that utilizes single serving pods of coffee grounds that the machine pushes hot water through and into the waiting cup. The result is a fresh, hot cup of coffee that has not been sitting in the coffee pot waiting to be poured. In 1998, after eight years of development, Keurig released an industrial-strength, single-serve machine that delivered a perfect cup of coffee or tea every time. Keurig brewing systems employ a design that utilizes single serving pods of coffee grounds that the machine pushes hot water through and into the waiting cup. The result is a fresh, hot cup of coffee that has not been sitting in the coffee pot waiting to be poured. K-cups are offered in 249 varieties on the Keurig website. Most retail grocery stores sell several varieties of K-cups. There are two types of Keurig brewers, the K-cup system and the new Vue brewing system. There are 12 different K cup style brewers. In the spring of 2012, Keurig released a Vue brewing system that gives the consumer the ability to customize their drink by offering more cup size options and by brewing specialty beverages, such as lattes and cappuccinos. To date, there is only one model of the Vue brewing system available. Competitor Analysis The market for single-cup coffee brewers is a fairly new one and has very few companies selling single-cup brewing systems. The market is an oligopoly, with GMCRs Keurig holding approximately 75 percent of the US market share (Foxbusiness.com), followed by the Tassimo by Kraft, Nescafes Dolce Gusto and Senseo. The global leader is Nestlà ©s Nespresso system with 35 percent, followed by Senseo brewers with 18 percent, and Kraft Foods Tassimo with 8 percent. Green Mountain ranks fourth globally with almost 8 percent (Geller Dalal, 2012). Almost all of the coffee brewers in the market are priced between $75 and $175. For around $100, the consumer has a choice of a hand full of basic brewers. The single-cup brewers each have their own system with pods or cups that work exclusively with their machine. Most of the companies in the market make most of their profit from the sale of their coffee as opposed to their machines. Mr. Coffee released a new machine in the fall that is compatible with Keurigs K-cups specifically to edge in on Keurigs share of the market. It is compatible with Keurigs K-cups and is less expensive to the consumer. The main competitors in the mainstream single-cup coffee system market in the United States are Keurig, Tassimo, and Senseo. The less competitive players in the market are Mr. Coffee and Nescafe, while Nestlà ©s Nespresso is currently the only serious contender in the high-end market in the United States. GMCR invests significant resources and capital in engineering and research and development in order to keep Keurigs position as the leader in the single-cup brewing market. As a result, they have a strong and growing portfolio of market-leading, proprietary technology. Keurig’s integrated engineering team drives fast and original product development in brewers, portion packs, and high-speed packaging lines; all three areas that supported Keurig’s single-cup system. The engineering team at Keurig includes mechanical, software, and nutritional science, as well as quality assurance and industrial engineering. The company’s emphasis on quality products, easy-to-use features, and innovative technologies has earned Keurig high marks in customer satisfaction. GMCR started distribution of the new single-cup Keurig premium coffee system to office coffee service and food service providers in 1998. Keurig’s strategy to gain market share in the office market is to sell machines to distributors and encourage them to give the machines away or lease them for a small fee. The economics of the strategy works for distributors because the real profit is in selling K-Cups. Keurig sells its machines, both to distributors and to individual consumers, at near cost and gives the machines away or rents them cheaply to businesses, in order to secure the customers business. They make up the cost in less than six months just on the sales of their K-cups. Keurig has licensed several additional coffee roasters to package gourmet coffee and teas into K-Cups, all of which pay royalties to Keurig based on the number of K-Cups shipped. In addition to offering Green Mountain Coffee and Newman’s Own Organics and Celestial Seasonings Tea brands, which are packaged and sold by Green Mountain Coffee, Keurig offers several other North American K-Cup brands, such as Caribou, Folgers and most recently, Starbucks (Starbucksdrinks.com). The weaknesses of GMCRs Keurig are that the K-cups are not recyclable and create more waste than traditionally brewed coffee, since the cups are made of plastic and aluminum. The company has received some bad press for being not eco-friendly enough. Another significant weakness is that Keurigs strategy relies heavily on selling K-cups. The company makes most of its profit from the sale of coffee. However, in the fall of 2012, two of Keurigs patents expire and other companies will likely begin producing pods that are compatible with Keurig brewing systems. Already, there are reusable cups on the market that consumers can buy to fill with the ground coffee of their choice. Tassimo is made by Kraft and was first introduced to the market in 2004. There are three Tassimo single-cup brewers currently on the market. Tassimo brewers use non-reusable plastic beverage pods called Tassimo discs (T-Discs), which are produced by Kraft. Each has a barcode printed on its label, which the machine reads to calculate the amount of water, brewing time, and temperature for the specific beverage. The strengths of Tassimos strategy are centered around their unique barcode. While Keurig pods are pre-measured to have one amount, no matter how strong or how large you want your coffee, the barcode on the T-Disc tell the Tassimo brewer exactly how to make the perfect cup of the drink in the disc. Tassimos T-Discs also use liquid milk, instead of powdered milk in their T-Discs and is capable of making beverages with frothed milk (Tassimodirect.com). The result is that the consumer can make better specialty drinks, such as lattes and cappuccinos in their Tassimo. Also, the marke t has already seen the introduction of reusable cups for the Keurig, that the consumer can fill with the ground coffee of their choosing. This is bad news for a company that makes virtually all of its profit from coffee sales. There are also reusable pods for the Senseo. Tassimo is the only system that is protected because of their unique barcode system. The weakness that is holding Tassimo back from taking more market share is the lack of popular brands of coffee available in T-Disc form. While Keurig has lots of big name coffees available in K-cup form, Tassimos most well-known brand available in T-Disc is Maxwell house. A very recent, and concerning, weakness is that Tassimo recalled 835,000 coffee makers in the United States and another 900,000 in Canada after dozens of reports of the brewers spraying hot liquid, coffee grounds or tea leaves (http://www.cpsc.gov). There have been 140 reports of incidents with the brewers spraying hot liquid, coffee grounds or tea leaves onto consumers, including 37 reports of second-degree burn injuries. This is very bad for Tassimo because when people do internet research to help them decide which single-cup brewer is right for them, this recall is the first thing they will see. Senseo is made by Sara Lee, who recently bought the brand from Philips, and was one of the first single-cup brewers on the market in 2001. Unlike the other single-cup systems, the Senseo uses coffee pods instead of cups. The pods are made of coffee-filter paper and the consumer has the option to use one for a regular strength, or small, cup of coffee or to use two pods for a larger cup, such as a travel mug, or for a stronger cup of coffee. The ability to choose one or two pods is Senseos biggest strength. Reviews from coffee critics consistently give Senseo high marks in flavor and quality when compared to the other popular single-cup coffee systems. Senseos weaknesses are that they have built an unattractive brand image and that they do not have contracts with any well-known coffee companies and have very little variety in the coffee pods that are available. They produce 11 coffee blends, all under the Senseo name, for the Senseo brewer (senseo.us). In an interview in February, Sara Lees Executive Chairman, Jan Bennink, told Reuters that the Senseo is a very unsexy machine (reuters.com) and that young people do not want to be associated with the brand. Market Analysis Worldwide coffee sales peaked at $70.86 billion in 2011. Sales of single-serve packets accounted for $5.75 billion of that, or 8 per cent (Geller Dalal, 2012). The single-cup coffee market grew at a rate 31 percent from 2010. Most Americans who consume coffee are still drinking traditionally brewed coffee. Coffee brewed in a single-cup machine from a pod, K-cup or T-Disc cost more than twice as much as the average ground coffee brewed in a drip coffee maker. There are few barriers to entry into the single-cup coffee market. Companies that already have brand-name recognition are more able, and likely, to produce their own single-cup system. One barrier to entry is that there are already some highly recognized names in the market that will make it difficult for an unknown company to compete. Another barrier is the high cost of entry into the market. Developing the technology to create a single-cup brewing system that will take market share from the established players is a daunting task that will discourage small companies from attempting to move into the market. The most interesting potential entrant to the market is Starbucks. In March, 2012, they announced that they will be releasing a single-cup coffee system later this year (Andrejczak, 2012). This is interesting because Starbucks and GMCR struck a deal in 2011 to sell Starbucks coffee in K-cups. The K-cups have been a huge success for both companies. So far, both companies are denying that the release of Starbucks Verismo will negatively affect the sell of Keurig machines and K-cups. The Verismo is being marketed as a high-end, high-pressure, specialty coffee system, more similar to the Nespresso than the Keurig and Tassimo, but considering how popular the Starbucks K-cups are, it will be interesting to see how its release affects Keurig and the single-cup coffee market. The Nespresso is worth mentioning in the potential entrants section because although they have been making single-cup machines for some time, they are only recently trying to grow in the United States market. They are o pening small boutiques in major cities, most recently in San Francisco this year, and advertising on major television channels. They market their product as a high-end system, but it will be interesting to see how much of Keurigs market share they take. The substitutes in the single-cup coffee brewer market are traditional drip brewer coffee makers, caffeinated sodas, energy drinks and coffee from a coffee house, such as Starbucks, or from a fast food restaurant. McDonalds has invested a lot of money and advertising in the last five years reinventing their image as a hip coffee shop. Consumers can now get good coffee and specialty coffee beverages like cappuccinos and frappuccinos through the drive-thru window at a reasonable cost. Suppliers have moderate bargaining power in the market. If companies that produce coffee do not want to put their coffee in K-Cup or T-Disc form, that hurts the companies that manufacture the brewing systems. Senseo has no relationship with coffee producers, and it has drastically affected their business. Customers have moderate bargaining power as well. Most of the pods, discs and cups for the systems are sold in grocery stores or mass merchandisers. If Wal-Mart throws their support behind one of the companies, that company is more than likely going to experience growth in sales, while the other companies will be negatively affected. Likewise, if customers decide that they do not agree with the values, cost, etc of one of the companies in the market, they can take their business elsewhere and the loss of sales would hurt the company. However, if they are particular about the brand of coffee that they drink, they are tied to the company that sells that brand in a form that can be brewed in their machine. Keurig is the only machine that sells Starbucks coffee, for example, at least until the Verismo debuts this fall.

Call It Sleep by Henry Roth :: Call it Sleep Essays

Call It Sleep   by Henry Roth      The book Call It Sleep written by Henry Roth is a literary work that explores immigrant life as they adjust to the new and unfamiliar ways of American life.   The book is somewhat of a social commentary on the period of the Eastern European immigration to America at its peak.  Ã‚   The novel gives an inside view on how foreigners (primarily Jewish immigrants) fit into main stream society.  Ã‚   Throughout the course of the novel, you travel along with the main character David Schearl as he ages from six to eight and grows up in Brownsville on the lower East side of New York.   David is torn between the love of his over protective mother and the hatred of his angry and mentally disturbed father in a quest to make sense of his life in contrast with all of the other immigrant children that he comes in contact with.   All of the adventures that David encounters and all of the people that he comes in contact with are simply the author’s way of depicting an immigrants inne r struggle and dealing with the pressures of life as seen through the eyes of a remarkably perceptive and imaginative child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The opening scenes are set in New York harbor in 1907 at a time when the inflow of   foreigners is at its peak. A woman and her small child come off of the boat to reunite with her husband that had gone before them to the new world to start a better life than they were used to in their old country.   The author has you experience what it is like to come into New York Harbor and see the city skyline and the lights; and also to experience the feeling of hope and promise for a brighter future for the immigrants.   However when Albert Schearl shows up late and uncaring to greet a wife and son who don’t recognize him right away, it is hinted to the reader that trouble is in store for the Schearl family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The father Albert Schearl is introduced as a very haughty and proud individual that believes that he should abandon all signs of his former upbringing and conform to the American ways of life.   He is a printer by trade however he cannot hold down a job long enough due to his violent and uncontrollable temperament.   He thinks that people are constantly watching his every move therefore he cannot give

Personal Values for the Bsn Student Essay

Discuss how you demonstrate this value. Altruism: â€Å"Devotion to the welfare of others, regard for others, as a principle of action; opposed to egoism or selfishness† (Britannica Online, 2008). Altruism is taking care of others regardless of your personal feelings. Nurses demonstrate altruism in many ways. They are devoted to their patients while working in any healthcare setting, they take action when a patient needs them to, they work with patients regardless of personal feelings in situations of race, culture, or ethnicity. Personally, I demonstrate the value of altruism in many ways. Currently I work in education and not on the floor. I believe that in my position I am providing hospital staff very important information so that they are able to give the best possible care to patients on the floor. Autonomy: Autonomy is a person’s ability to decide to act on or control their own actions when faced with different situations. Oxford dictionary defines it as: â€Å"Liberty to follow one’s will, personal freedom† (Oxford English Dictionary Online, 2008). Nurses demonstrate autonomy by making sure that their actions are appropriate to their ability. Effective nurses recognize their personal limits and strengths. The nursing process is an important aspect of this recognition. Autonomy is demonstrated in the ability I have to control my actions. Situations have arisen where I do not agree with a choice my patient has made. My first instinct would be to react one way but I have been able to realize that this is not the best way to handle the situation. Human Dignity: The term â€Å"dignity† is defined as â€Å"the state of being worthy of honor or respect† (The Oxford English Dictionary Online, 2008). Human dignity is a concept that â€Å"all human being possess inherent worth and deserve unconditional respect, regardless of age, sex, health status, social or political ideas, religion, or criminal history. † (Wikipedia, 2008). Nurses demonstrate human dignity in many ways. On a daily basis, nurses are caring for patients who have health problems requiring care that may intrude on their personal space and comfort levels. A nurse will respect a patient’s dignity by trying to cover or drape the patient during invasive procedures, they realize that certain things happen with age, and nurses respect a patient’s religious or political ideas. Human dignity is something that I believe I achieve as a nurse. Because I do not work on the floor I achieve this in different ways. I try to educate the nurses in my classes about the different tools available in the software program and how this can help to improve patient safety. I show them the tools they can use to document religious preferences so that other staff members are able to respect the patient. I try to understand â€Å"how they practice with respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of all individuals† (Kalb ; O’Connor-Von, 2007 p. 196), and how this correlates with an EMR. Integrity: â€Å"Soundness of moral principle; the character of uncorrupted virtue, esp. in relation to truth and fair dealing; uprightness, honesty, sincerity† (Wikipedia, 2008). Integrity is a principle that drives a person to do what they feel to be â€Å"right†. Nurses are able to work with a high level of integrity. As nurses, exposure to medical records happens on a daily basis. Nurses show their morals by only using these records to perform their job effectively. Laws like HIPPA exist to help prevent behavior like this from happening. My belief is the vast majority of nurse’s would not â€Å"snoop† without HIPPA. Integrity is something that I take very seriously. In my position I have access to medical records all across a hospital facility. I could very easily access someone’s chart just to see what is happening, or I could look something up with a malicious intent. I believe that my integrity stops me from doing any of these inappropriate behaviors. Social Justice: â€Å"Social Justice is generally thought of as a world which affords individuals and groups fair treatment and an impartial share of the benefits of society† (Wikipedia, 2008). Social justice is a principal that people govern themselves by both politically and personally. Social justice is very similar to many of the other values that have been discussed. Nurses are socially just in their ability to provide the same level of care to patient’s regardless of personal beliefs. Nurses also are socially just with co-workers everyday in the ability to work as a collaborative team. Social justice is a very easy value to live by. I believe that I train my classes fairly every day. I am training all staff at the hospital and I understand that not everyone has the same knowledge that another person has. Being mindful of these differences allows me to teach the appropriate topics to the appropriate people. I would not teach a CNA how to document on a MAR since this is a duty that is not in their scope of practice.

Hazel

Where did the ritual take place? Villa Maria College Chapel, Christopher, New Zealand 2. Why did you choose this location? I went to school at Villa Maria College and I had an affiliation with the location. I liked the quaint, small size of the chapel where the guests felt closeness to the wedding ritual. I chose a Catholic chapel due to Roman Catholic being my religion. 3. What symbols were used in the ritual? What significance did they have? Rings- Symbolism our everlasting love that we bound as one, wedding dress- white homebodies my purity and is a tradition. . How were these symbols Important In the ritual for you? The rings symbolized for me our love and commitment for the rest of our lives, they were important as we picked them together. The wedding dress was special to me as it was white, it made me feel beautiful and it was traditional. I chose a traditional wedding dress, as it is apart of the Christian ritual. 5. What was the purpose of the ritual for you? Because for us, It was a commitment for the rest of our lives and It meant that we would raise children In the Catholic community. It also expressed our everlasting love for each other. 6.In your opinion, what was the climax of the ritual? When we said our vows and exchanged rings. 7. Did you have to do anything Involved with the ritual before the ceremony? Engagement, apply for a certificate of marriage, planning the ceremony. 8. Did you have to anything involved with the ritual after the ceremony? Honeymoon. 9. Which parts of the ritual were most special to you? The exchanging of rings and vows was most Important to me. Also, In the ceremony my mother sung, â€Å"Love changes everything† by Michael Crawford because It was meeting that she loves to do and it was special as it played an important part of the ceremony. 0. How did the ritual change you as a person? I changed my social status and there felt a real deference between living together 1 1 . Who attended the ritual? The wedding part y, family and close friends. 12. What roles did the participants play? My mother sung as said previously and my mother in law and close friend said a reading at the ceremony. My close friend was a bridesmaid and my brother in law was the best man. My nieces were flower girls and nephew was ring bearer. 13. How was the community involved in the ritual?The Villa Maria College nuns that lived next to the chapel, helped to prepare the chapel for the ceremony. 14. What features in the ritual displayed your religion? The bible where the readings were from, the prayers of the faithful and the hymns. One reading I chose was Corinthians 13: 4-7 as it displays what real love is like. ORAL Good morning, my name is Hazel Faulkner and today I will discuss a rite of passage, marriage, from the variant Roman Catholic. A ritual is a ceremony that involves different actions, symbols and writings which are performed according to a set order.Rituals are apart of everyday life and can even be as simple as a morning routine. Religious rituals are important as they help adherents connect with their deity. A rite of passage is a ceremony or event that marks a change or transition in someone's life from one phase to another. They include birth, adolescence, marriage and death. Over the years, scholars of religion have provided ways to analyses rituals. For example, Arnold Van Genes argued that a rite of passage involves three stages: pre-lamina, lamina and post-lamina. Sacred refers to the adherent being connected o or dedicated to their deity.Profane or secular is the opposite of sacred, it means something or someone is not concerned with religion. Marriage is a rite of passage and getting married is an important part of Christians lives. Marriage is a life long commitment between husband and wife made in the presence of God. Catholics generally have a Nuptial Mass which involves Eucharist and takes place in a church. The transition in marriage is being single to becoming one with y our bride or groom. Catholic marriage fits most appropriately into Van Genie's model and Love's five-step approach.The difference between a marriage and a wedding is that the marriage is the life long commitment where as a wedding For the investigation of a Catholic marriage the interviewee was my mother, Sue Faulkner. Her role in the rite of passage was the bride. Some of the questions asked were where did the ritual take place, what symbols were used, what significance did they have and what was the climax of the ritual. The interviewee's marriage took place at Villa Maria Chapel in Christopher, New Zealand. The questions helped to find useful information on the ritual and to discover an individuals view on marriage.A Catholic marriage has a clear structure. The first main element of a Catholic wedding is the wedding procession. It includes the bride walking down the aisle either by herself or with one or both of her parents as well as the wedding party. The symbolism of this elem ent is the beginning of a change of status and new life. Another element includes the readings from the Old Testament and New Testament. The purpose of the readings is to outline the importance of a Catholic tradition and make the presence of God in the marriage clear.The declaration of intention is also an important part of the wedding. This stage outlines the promises of commitment to each other throughout the struggles in marriage. The blessing of rings and exchanging of vows is often seen as the most important part of the wedding as the couple expresses the love they shares for each other and the vows symbolism commitment. Christians believe during the vows Christ becomes present. My interviewee saw this element as the climax of the ritual. The pronouncement of marriage is the stage where the change in status is almost completed.The signing of the register is a formal and legal recognition of the marriage and completes the stage f status for the couple. The recession concludes t he ritual ceremony, thus the change of status is final. As stated before, marriage suitably fits into Van Genie's model. He argued that there were three stages of a rite of passage, one being pre-lamina. The pre-lamina stage is the first stage in a rite of passage. It involves the separation from the couple's previous life. In a Catholic Marriage, the pre-lamina stage involves the bridal procession as it marks a beginning of a new status for the bride.It also involves the declaration of purpose where the priest outlines the significance of marriage and its repose in a Catholic context. The lamina stage involves transitioning from one stage to another and is often seen as the most important stage. The lamina stage in a Catholic marriage takes place after the giving away of the bride to the end of the exchanging of rings. The blessing of rings and exchanging of vows physically marks the change in status and transition. The post lamina stage in a Catholic marriage is the reincorporatio n stage where the couple is now ready to enter society with their new status.The post lamina stage in a Catholic marriage would include the signing of the register where the couple omelets their change in status and the recession where their change in status is Another model that is suitable to show and explain the structure of the ritual is Love's five-step approach. The model includes five steps, the first being the entry in which the participant leaves the ordinary world and enters the ritual. In a Catholic marriage this would include the proposal and declaration. The couple is now engaged and candidates for marriage.The second step is called the â€Å"preparation† in which the couple is involved in some sort of preparatory rite. This would include pre- Raritan counseling. The third is the climax of the ritual, which is the central, or highpoint of the ritual. In a marriage ceremony, the climax would be the exchanging of rings and vows. My interviewee agreed with this. The forth step includes the celebration which would be the wedding reception and the fifth step is called the â€Å"return† where the participants (bride and groom) leave the ritual and return to the ordinary world.The marriage ceremony marks separation from the ordinary or profane for the couple. The declaration of the couple as ‘husband' and Wife' displays that they are prepared from the community as they are now married. One element in a Catholic wedding which reinforces doctrinal teachings, is the readings. A common reading used is Psalm 103:8 which is a responsible psalm. â€Å"The Lord is compassionate and gracious, slow to anger, abounding in love. † The message of the psalm is that the Lord is kind and merciful. The four major rites of passages are birth, adolescence, marriage and death.These passages will happen whether or not they are acknowledged with a ritual. Although, Christians choose to mark them with a special ceremony as they are important ruinatio ns in people's lives. The models by Van Genes, Turner and Loved are important as they help to break down rites of passages to better understand them. Catholic Marriage fits best into Van Genie's model as well as Love's. Marriage is important to Catholics as it promotes the same love that exists in the Holy Trinity and for the procreation of life, another aspect that mirrors the Trinity. Marriage creates a union between spouses.It is a sacrament and an institution created by God. B. WRITTEN SUBMISSION This investigation has helped to expand my knowledge on rituals, rites of passage ND marriage. I learnt that a ritual can be as simple as a morning routine and that there are many varieties of a ritual. Before the investigation, I had only a brief understanding of the models. The investigation helped to develop my knowledge on the particular models by Van Genes and Loved. The models helped me also to better the pre-lamina stage (separation), lamina stage (transition), and post-lamina st age (reincorporation).Love's model involves five steps: the entry, preparation, climax, celebration and return. These models are not only used for Christian rituals but for tails of any religion. The Buddhist view of marriage is considered a secular affair and is not seen as a religious duty. Buddhism marriage is a personal and social obligation. In Islam, marriage is a legal contract and the religion is a strong advocate for marriage. Referring to Hinduism, Hindus view marriage as a sacrament. They have similar views as Christianity in terms of marriage, believing that marriage is a union and Joins two individuals for life.Judaism also has similar views as marriage is viewed as a bond commanded by God in which a man and woman come together to create a legislations in which God is involved. Also, Jewish married couples are traditionally expected to have children. Australia is a multicultural society and therefore, we have a variety of different religions such as Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Judaism and many others, which are continually developing in Australian society. This means marriage ceremonies in Australia significantly differ depending on the religion. The participant's culture may be expressed through clothing or music.My interviewee's wedding did not take place in Australia but New Zealand. Australia ND New Zealand are very similar thus my interviewee's wedding did not significantly differ from a traditional Australian wedding. In an Aboriginal marriage ceremony, couples are commonly involved in a traditional smoking ceremony which makes the couple feel cleansed and free, going into the marriage with no bad spirits to bring them bad luck and it is also performed to create a lifelong bond between the couple. Marriage in Aboriginal societies is complicated and has puzzled anthropologists for centuries.In a Catholic marriage, the most important or common symbol is the rings. The rings present a never-ending circle of eternal love. They al so represent the union and commitment of the couple. Other marriage symbols include the veil, wedding bells, the wedding dress and the bible. Marriage successfully draws participants beyond the ordinary and into the transcendent as it is does not Just simply include the man and woman being in love. It is something larger in which the partners have a special ceremony which expresses the very meaning of their life together.Even though the institution of marriage that binds the couple together is invisible actions such as the stating the vows and exchanging of rings expresses the love and union. Although my speech mostly discusses the wedding ceremony, the preparation of the doesn't Just involve getting the wedding dress, flowers, rings etc. Couples are encouraged to attend pre-marital counseling which helps them prepare for marriage. After the couple is officially married, they may decide to go on a honeymoon. Also, the couple may decide that they want to have children, as marriage is essentially the ideal foundation for the making of children.The investigation was interesting yet difficult at times. The most challenging part of he investigation was finding what the pre-lamina, lamina and post-lamina stages of a Catholic wedding are. Information on the internet told me that pre-lamina stage of a Catholic wedding is the engagement, lamina is the ceremony and post-lamina is the honeymoon. However, I wanted to find the stages in the specific ceremony, as it was my main focus. The investigation helped me to better understand the concept of a ritual and a wedding ritual. Bibliography Austere, L, What is transcendence and why does it matter?

I have found that not all squalls to books are as equally great as the first

I have found that not all squalls to books are as equally great as the first. In the case of Anne Rices book, Vittorio this holds true. When I first read the book Pandora, I was astounded at how much I enjoyed reading it, but Vittorio was not the same. It was dull from the very beginning, and it was hard for me to make myself read it. I feel that if it were not for this assignment, I would have dropped it with in the first two chapters. I began to think that it would soon pick up once I made it to about the middle, but I was wrong. Vittorio was also written as a journal/ story of his life, but to me his life was not interesting at all. Vittorio was born in the town of Florence, Italy. His mother died after she had his younger sister, and his father was never around. He grew up only knowing his older brother, younger sister, and their caretaker. They were very rich and for those riches, his family was killed. A vampire named Ursula killed his family, while he was away, and made off with most of the familys riches. But when she returned for the rest, Vittorio had came home and found his family died. She came to him pretending she was a friend of his fathers, and he was clueless of what she was, and what she had done. This was one of the only parts of the story that I enjoyed reading. She was mysterious, and seemed to be able to keep Vittorio under some kind of spell. I found the death of his family disturbing, but she was able to keep it a secrete from him for so long. But he was very upset when he found out. Ursula returned many times to find a way to steel the remaining riches, but did not want to kill Vittorio because she liked him. Vittorio soon over heard her talking to her accomplice, and confronted her about it. She ran off, and was not seen of two years, but when she returned, she went to see Vittorio. She begged him for forgiveness, but he would not. So for fear of losing him forever, she ...

The Nine Nations of North America

The Nine Nations of North America The 1981 book The Nine Nations of North America by Washington Post reporter Joel Garreau was an attempt to explore the regional geography of the North American continent and assign portions of the continent to one of nine nations, which are geographic regions that have consistent qualities and similar features. The nine nations of North America, as proposed by Garreau include: The FoundryMexAmericaThe BreadbasketEcotopiaNew EnglandThe Empty QuarterDixieQuebecThe Islands What follows is a summary of each of the nine nations and their qualities. Links in the titles of each region lead to the complete online chapter regarding that region from the book The Nine Nations of North America from Garreaus website. The Foundry Includes New York, Pennsylvania, and the Great Lakes Region. At the time of publication (1981), The Foundry region was in significant decline as a manufacturing center. The region includes the metropolitan areas of New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, Toronto, and Detroit. Garreau selected Detroit as the capital city of this region but considered Manhattan an anomaly within the region. MexAmerica With a capital city of Los Angeles, Garreau proposed that the Southwestern United States (including Californias Central Valley) and Northern Mexico would be a region onto itself. Stretching from Texas to the Pacific Coast, MexAmericas common Mexican heritage and the Spanish language unite this region. The Breadbasket Much of the Midwest, stretching from northern Texas to the southern parts of the Prairie Provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba), this region is essentially the Great Plains and is, according to Garreau, the heartland of North America. Garreaus proposed capital city is Kansas City. Ecotopia Named after a book of the same name, Ecotopia with a capital city of San Francisco is the liberal Pacific Coast from southern Alaska to Santa Barbara, including the Washington, Oregon, and Northern California metropolitan areas of Vancouver, Seattle, Portland, and San Francisco. New England Consisting of what is traditionally known as New England (Connecticut to Maine), this region of the nine nations includes the Canadian Maritime provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, along with the Atlantic province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The capital of New England is Boston. The Empty Quarter The Empty Quarter includes everything from about 105 degrees west longitude to Ecotopia on the Pacific Coast. It also includes everything north of the Breadbasket so it includes all of Alberta and Northern Canada. The capital city of this sparsely populated nation is Denver. Dixie The Southeastern United States except for Southern Florida. Some refer to Dixie as being the former Confederate States of America but it doesnt travel directly along state lines. It includes southern Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. The capital city of Dixie is Atlanta. Quebec Garreaus only nation that consists of a single province or state is Francophone Quebec. Their constant efforts at succession led him to create this unique nation out of the province. Obviously, the capital of the nation is Quebec City. The Islands Southern Florida and the islands of the Caribbean comprise the nation known as The Islands. With a capital city of Miami. At the time of the books publication, this regions main industry was drug smuggling. The best available online map of the Nine Nations of North America comes from the cover of the book itself.

Plate tectonics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plate tectonics - Essay Example All the plates in the world, whether major or minor, whether oceanic or continental, have some bearing on each other at one point. There are three known types of plate boundaries and one of these three is a convergent plate boundary. When a foremost plate transpose between each other, meeting borderlines of these plates encounter along it. As a result, earthquakes are generated due to the large amounts of forces and energies that are released when these plates encounter one another at their boundaries. The majority of the most formidable earthquakes have been the result of these convergent plate boundaries. In addition, in convergent plate boundaries, two plates move and one of them is subducted, or moved underground as the other supersedes above. Where the outermost layer of the Earth, the crust is broken and split and is reprocessed into the mantle is called as the Subduction Zone. â€Å"These are recognized as Subduction Zones, a major site of volcanism on Earth.† (Eggins 1 59) Convergent plate boundaries are further categorized into three types, named from the two different kinds of plates that are involved. First is the Oceanic-Continental Plate Convergence. This happens when a continental plate supersedes and overrides an oceanic plate, pushing this oceanic plate underneath the continental plate. The usual landform that is created or produced is a mountain range, a strip of mountains that are linked together by elevated ground. As written in Geology.com contributed by Hobart King, â€Å"The Andes Mountain Range of western South America is another example of a convergent boundary between an oceanic and continental plate. Here the Nazca Plate is subducting beneath the South American plate.† The second type of a convergent plate boundary is a. This time, the two plates that are involved are both oceanic plates. Thus, this second type is called the oceanic-oceanic plate convergence and the landform that is created is a trench, an extensive and great hollow dent

Communication, Culture and context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Communication, Culture and context - Essay Example support the essay. Definition of Terms Globalization has been defined by Mazrui (2001) as consisting of systems and operating processes aiming to ultimately be interrelated with global protocols on a continuously growing exchange of transactions among diverse countries and regions (p. 1). On the other hand, Landay (2008) averred that â€Å"virtual commodification is a process of transforming experience, ideas, and ideas about the self into the quantifiable products of inworld consumer culture, and placing those products in a social context in which people define things in terms of themselves, and themselves in terms of things, i.e., that â€Å"self† is created and understood through the goods and appearance of the goods people consume† (p. 4). From the qualification of terms, commodification becomes global in perspectives in so far as a product, service, artifact, image, or idea is turned into a commodity. To expound on the concept in a global context, one opted to sele ct a social networking game that became famous through Facebook, FarmVille. FarmVille A social networking game that was developed by Zynga, a social game developer located originally in San Francisco, California, became a global phenomenon – FarmVille. According to its official site, â€Å"Zynga is committed to transforming the world through virtual social goods. Zynga players have made real change by raising millions for several international nonprofits since Zynga.org launched in October 2009† (Zynga: What, 2010, par. 1). Zynga was founded by Mark Pincus in January of 2007 with the mission of connecting people though social games (Zynga: About, 2011). FarmVille is just one among 18 games accessible through Facebook. A prospective player needs to have a Facebook account to be able to play any of the games developed by Zynga. Other social networking games by Zynga are accessible through other social networking sites such as MySpace, Mobile and Yahoo (Zynga: Games, 2011 ). As proffered by Helft (2010), the mechanics for the social game is explained as follows: in FarmVille, its most popular game, players tend to virtual farms, planting and harvesting crops, and turning little plots of land into ever more sophisticated or idyllic cyberfarms. Good farmers — those who don’t let crops wither — earn virtual currency they can use for things like more seed or farm animals and equipment. But players can also buy those goods with credit cards, PayPal accounts or Facebook’s new payment system, called Credits. A pink tractor, a FarmVille favorite, costs about $3.50, and fuel to power it is 60 cents. A Breton horse can be had for $4.40, and four chickens for $5.60. The sums are small, but add up quickly

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 64

Summary - Essay Example His philosophy is more influential and followed upon in western sector than any other philosopher, as he articulates that; the freedom of choice lies down with all humans, without any obligation towards the society or religion. Moreover, he argues the infinity of finite world and there are no unseen phenomena hidden, as an appearance; is an evidence of its existence. He described that the ability to prove and produce results or accomplishments lies within man, as the ability to bring change is in his hand. Thus material or object’s presence can’t provide or fabricate what is instilled as a capacity, but man can; as he has the power to be nothing or everything. However, all the changes are directly associated to time and choice. A person acts as an object and as a subject many times in his life and therefore, impression his actions leave due to his physical involvement and the impression his invisible appearance causes; work simultaneously and thus Jean has called them being-in –itself and being-for-itself. Jean has stated in his piece of work â€Å"Man is nothing else but that which he makes of himself† (Sartre, p.9).Therefore one’s; self esteem is made high or low not only by his view of himself but it also includes the view point of others who stare him temporarily. Mainly it depends on the perspective of a human, whose ability define him his worth. It is a wide horizon where one can become optimistic or pessimistic, depending upon the choice again. Thus one gaze can change the view entirely depending upon the perception one has for himself. The freedom of choice is a gate way, which leads to two destinations it’s up to a person how he perceives the meaning of it, as it comes with great responsibility as well. .† Our responsibility is thus much greater than we had supposed, for it concerns mankind as a whole.† (Sartre , p.9) The most natural trait of a human is a complete

Linebacker I and Linebacker II on the Outcome of the War

Linebacker I and Linebacker II on the Outcome of the War A paper submitted to the Faculty of the Naval War College in partial satisfaction of the requirements of the Department of Strategy and Policy based on the following assigned topic: Question #7: In light of how the Paris Peace Accords were reached in 1972-1973, what effect did Linebacker I and Linebacker II have on the outcome of the war? The contents of this paper reflect my own personal views and are not necessarily endorsed by the Naval War College or the Department of the Navy. Signature: _____________________ December 15, 2016 Seminar 20 Moderators: CDR John Sheehan Professor Michelle Getchell To quickly end the Vietnam War and withdraw American troops in an honorable fashion, the Nixon Administration engaged in a strategy of diplomacy and cocurrent military pressure. The focus of the diplomatic track was to negotiate a formal agreement between belligerents. This diplomatic track ultimately resulted in the accord known as the Paris Peace Accords. The military track endeavored to persuade the North to come to the negotiating table in by destroying its will to resist and war-making capabilities through a demonstration of Americas superior air power and unwavering commitment to a free and independent South Vietnam. The series of air raids conducted in support of this goal are known as LINEBACKER I and LINEBACKER II. Both LINEBACKER I and LINEBACKER II had an effect on the war, but both had different results. LINEBACKER I disproved the theory of victory for the North due to their misinterpretation of timing in switching from Phase II to Phase III of Maos strategy, and understa nding of the level of support President Nixon would have from key North Vietnam allies. LINEBACKER II was ultimately successful in bringing all belligerents to the negotiating table, the North by deteriorating the will to fight and further degrading North Vietnamese Warfighting capabilities, and the South due to the waning support of the new U.S. Congress for the war. In early 1972, the North began to shift military tactics from Phase II guerrilla warfare to a much more conventional Phase III form of according to Maos three phase strategy.1 This change is seen in the Easter Offensive that launched on March 30 which was brought about by the success the North enjoyed in Lam Son 719. Because of the Souths need for security and poor military execution, and communication, Operation Lam Son 719 collapsed when faced with resistance from the Northern commanders. The campaign was a disasterous for the South, demostrating their deficiencies and proving that the best units of the South could be defeated by the North.2 North Vietnam conducted the Easter Offensive to take the initiative and weaken Americas commitment to South Vietnam with a significant impact on negotiations producing more favorable terms for them at negotiations. The general feeling was that once troop reduction had reached a certain level the U.S. would have insignificant influence to affect the strategic situation.3 Prior to this the North Vietnamese were on Stage II of Maos three-stage plan for war. The decision to initiate the strategic counter-offensive in the Easter Offensive was premature. The South Vietnamese and U.S. still held a position of greater military power and changing phases at that point was counter to the Maos theories.4 In this second stage, enemy troop morale should continue to deteriorate, which it was in the case of the U.S. Due to American support. The position of North Vietnam in contrast to South Vietnam had not progressed far enough to give an advantage that would support Phase III, and international support should also have grown for the North Vietnamese. Due to the Easter Offensive and lack of willingness to negotiate on the part of the North Vietnamese the International support was not there. Having fulfilled only two of the three requirements to change phase, it was not the proper time, and the North Vietnamese hurt their war efforts. As a result of early North Vietnamese action, President Nixon announced the negotiations between North Vietnam and the United States taking place in Paris as well as the concessions the South Vietnamese and United States were willing to conceed to. Failure of these negotiations allowed the President to put the blame on North Vietnam for refusing to negotiate a peaceful end to the war. This address would do several things, first put diplomatic pressure on North Vietnam by announcing the negotiations in progress and placing North Vietnam in the position of the faithless party. Second, the speech demonstrated that America had exhausted all diplomatic options, which had already been initiated, and set the stage for military action if North Vietnam continued to insist on continuing inflexibility. Hanoi rejected the peace terms offered which gave Nixon the legitimacy he needed to turn to military pressure, the very thing that the North had discounted in their calculations.4 Another problem facing the North at this time is the increasing warmth of relations between the U.S. and the Norths patrons Russia and China. While China was using the U.S. to balance against Russia they were forced to realign forces and took support from North Vietnam. Concurrnetly, Russia was stepping up dà ©tente and viewed China as an enemy.5 This increasing cooperation with Northern allies isolated the North and presented an opportunity for a series of painful military strikes against the North Vietnamese that would decimate entire infantry units and nearly all of the Norths armored vehicles.5 With waning support from their key allies aquiring replacement equipment was difficult and outright victory in a conventional campaign was al but imposssible. President Nixon stated that the U.S. was going to continue fighting until the Communists agreed to negotiate a fair and honorable peace or until the South Vietnamese were able to defend themselves on their own whichever came first. 5 Immediately prior to the 1972 elections, peace talks between Hanoi, Saigon, and Washington began to deteriorate. As a result, President Nixon authorized a follow on air campaign against North Vietnam that would be called LINEBACKER II. The objective of LINEBACKER II differed from LINEBACKER I in that it was intended to destroy Hanois will to fight, and demonstrate Americas commitment to South Vietnams independence after the withdrawal of American troops. Many of the LINEBACKER I targets were attacked again during LINEBACKER II. However; LINEBACKER II had a purpose other than interdicting Northern forces. Military commanders wanted the bombers to cause distress to the civilian population in an effort to disuade them from committing to the fighting on the side of the North while avoinding civilian casualties. To degrade North Vietnamese will to fight, U.S. leadership wanted the people of Hanoi to hear the bombs.6 The ability of a nation to fight is military force and the will of the pe ople. In the case of North Vietnam the millitary force had been signifigantly reduced and that left the will of the people to force settlement. With congressional support waning, North Vietnam adjusted its actions to delay negotiations until after the newly elected Congress was sworn in, believing that support to continue the war in Vietnam would wane. Nixon thought the only way to break the Norths inflexibility and bring them back to the negotiating table was to raise the cost of their reluctance in negotiation. The President commented, We have now reached the point where only the strongest action would have any effect in convincing Hanoi that negotiating a fair settlement with us was a better option for them than continuing the war.7 The strongest show of force in this case was the use of the B-52 Stratofortress. This decision was the optimal choice for attacking the will of the populace. President Ninxon and his advisers desired to inflict maximum psychological impact on the North Vietnamese, supporting the South and reducing the cost to the U.S. in american lives.8 The B-52 could carry a massive conventional payload, was capable of carrying nuclear weapons which sent a message in itself, and had all-weather capabilities making it a perfect tool to deliver a psychological blow to the enemy. The B-52 could attack at altitudes of over 30,000 feet, rendering it impossible to be seen or heard by North Vietnamese troops on the ground allowing for attacks that happened without warning. The suddenness of the attacks along with their intensity had a telling effect. Recalling personal experience with LINEBACKER IIs bombing campaign one Viet Cong member said, The first four times I experienced a B-52 attack it seemed, as I strained to press myself into the bunker floor, that I had been caught in the Apocalypse. The terror was complete. One lost control of bodily functions as the mind screams incomprehensible orders to get out.9 During the LINEBACKER II operation, military leaders had authority to use air power to end the war effectively and the results were apparent. The Norths transportation network was decimated. Aircraft attacked and destroyed storage warehouses, electric power generating facilities cutting their capacity by three-quarters, and petroleum facilities reducing that capability by one-fourth.10 LINEBACKER II inflicted significant damage to North Vietnams war-making capability, but more importantly accomplished its primary purpose of unsettling the civilian population. As a result of LINEBACKER II, the belligerents came back to the bargaining table after eleven days of intensive bombing. The scale and success of the operation persuaded the North to accept terms that included some of Thieus newly added provisions. Congressional outcry over the scale of LINEBACKER II caused the South to realize that support for the war might be running out, making this an opportune time to accept peace and retai n as much as possible ensuring survival.11 Linebacker I was politically and practically a remarkable success. Asa result of the bombs dropped during the campaign, the Northhad a shift in thought. For the first time in the war the U.S. had used air power in a way that influenced the will of the North to continue the fight. The North had been convinced that the warwas becoming too costly for them. Some would argue that the North Vietnamese theory of victory was not disproven and they were not forced to go to the negotiating table. Their theory of victory was only put on hold by the actions of LINEBACKER and the U.S. was never in a position to win. The results LINEBACKER II did not force the North to the negotiating table but enabled them to transition back to Phase II, along with the withdrawl of U.S. forces and lack of support to the South ultimately enabled them to succeed in their bid to unite the Vietnamese people. The LINEBACKER I operation had left the Norths conventional forces decimated.10 The North had unsuccessfully tried persecuting the war by conventional means but U.S. air power had proven its worth and destroyed the majority of Northern troops and armored vehicles.11 Though costly to the North, the theory of victory through conventional means was not disproven, only delayed. To the conventional adversary this would have led to a cessation of hostilities due to lack of ability to continue the fight, but one of the strengths of the North was was in followingd the theories of Mao. These theories garnered the support from the local populace. The North Vietnamese forces understood that Vietnamese pesants had endured hundreds of years of oppression and rule.12 The Souths treatment of the pesants was similar to outside forces which had oppressed them with little attempt to understand them. In contrast the North Vietnamese forces dutifully followed Maos teachings, politely asking for supply a nd helping work for their repayment as well as proclaiming their belief in land reform, equality and governmental reform.13 The South by contrast was rife with corruption, inefficiency, and greed often setting themselves above the peasantry stealing supply and food. In this way the South Vietnamese were their own worst enemy. Their lack of support to the peasants drove them to the side of the North for protection against the unjust rule of the state. This led to not the hills menacing the villages, hills were the villages.13 The Cause of the North had become an ideal that the pesantry had bought in to and they had become the insurgents sho would continue to fight for their cause, overthrow of the local elites, good treatment and increased living standards enjoyed by the pesants through the efforts of the North. This dynamic created a situation in which it was difficult to tell who was the enemy and who was the villager. The U.S. was never in the position to win a lasting peace in this situation for several reasons. We lacked an understanding of the people and what they desired.14 Without the proper understanding of the desires of the people the U.S. could try to secure villages, give out aid and try to reinforce the government, but the government was a primary reason for the insurgency. More importantly, the U.S. was viewed as an unwanted foreign presence. Since the Vietnamese had fought against and suffered foreign opression for so long there was initial distrust and with our self imposed lack of cultur al awareness we would not be able to destroy the idea that was the root cause of the war. LINEBACKER II did not force the belligerents to the nogotiating table, it just provided the North with the opportunity to regroup revert to Phase II and wait for the U.S. to withdraw its forces leaving the North in a more advantageous position from which to rebuild for the next Phase III and the reunification of the Vietnamese people that they desired. The misinterpretation of their success in Lam Son 719 led the north to the Easter Offensive and as a result cost them a good deal of men and equipment. The only thing that they had left was the pesant population which it enjoyed great support from.14 Realizing their tenuous position the North signaled that it wished to resume peace negotiations and as a result the LINEBACKER II raids immediately ceased. In the absence of these continued the attacks the North would secure a political victory at the peace table by keeping Northern forces in the South.15 During this time they would be able to rebuild and strengthen their forces and would, in time, translate this into a full-scale military conquest of South Vietnam upon their transition back to Phase III. Not long after the end of Linebacker II, the U.S. withdrew its forces from the war in Southeast Asia and returned home. Two years later the North, knowing that it no longer faced any realistic threat of another Linebacker II, invaded South Vietnam across a broad front.16 The Communist forces of the North entered Saigon on April 30, 1975, and unified the two Vietnams under one government. A full application of airpower in a Linebacker could have achieved military victory, prevented the long and costly U.S. involvement and saved South Vietnam as a nation. While the North had went to the table to negotiate, it was to buy time and gain an advantageous position, not in good faith. 1 Sun Tzu. The Art of War. Translated by Samuel B. Griffith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, (1980), III 5. 2 Carl von Clausewitz. On War: Edited and translated by Michael Howard and Peter Paret. Princeton. Princeton University Press, (1976), 618. 3 Ibid., 186. 4 Kevin McCranie. The War at Sea.(presentation, Strategy and War Course, Naval War College, Newport, RI, 14 December 2016). 5 Paul M Kennedy. The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery. New York. Humanity Books, (1976), 242. 6 Ibid. 245 7 Kevin McCranie. The War at Sea.(presentation, Strategy and War Course, Naval War College, Newport, RI, 14 December 2016). 8 Paul M Kennedy. The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery. New York. Humanity Books, (1976), 245 . 9 Ibid. 248 10 Kevin McCranie. The War at Sea.(presentation, Strategy and War Course, Naval War College, Newport, RI, 14 December 2016).), 147. 1 Elliot A. Cohen and John Gooch. Military Misfortunes: The Anatomy of Failure in War.New York. Free Press, (1990), 134. 12 Ibid. 134. 3 Carl von Clausewitz. On War: Edited and translated by Michael Howard and Peter Paret. Princeton. Princeton University Press, (1976), 177. 4 Elliot A. Cohen and John Gooch. Military Misfortunes: The Anatomy of Failure in War.New York. Free Press, (1990), 136. 5 Admiral von Holtzendorf. German History in Documents and Images. Selected Readings. Naval War College, Newport, RI, (2016), 2.       6 Ibid. 3. 7 Ibid. 4.

Is Justice Profitable? Essay -- Glaucon Philosophy Philosophical Essay

Is Justice Profitable? Glaucon attempted to prove that injustice is preferable to justice. At first, Glacon agreed with Socrates that justice is a good thing, but implored on the nature of its goodness? He listed three types of â€Å"good†; that which is good for its own sake (such as playing games), that which is good is good in itself and has useful consequences (such as reading), and that which is painful but has good consequences (such as surgery). Socrates replied that justice "belongs in the fairest class, that which a man who is to be happy must love both for its own sake and for the results." (45d) Glaucon then reaffirmed Thrasymachus’s position that unjust people lead a better life than just people. He started that being just is simply a formality for maintaining a good reputation and for achieving one’s goals. He claimed that the only reason why a person would choose to be unjust rather than just due to the fear of punishment. This is supported by the story of the shepherd w ho became corrupted as a result of finding a ring which made him invisible. He took over the kingdom through murder and intrigue since he knew there could be no repercussions for his unjust actions. In addition, Adiamantus stated that unjust people did not need to fear divine punishment since appeals could be made to Gods’ egos via sacrifices. Finally, Glaucon gave an example of the extreme unjust person who has accumulated great wealth and power which he juxtaposed with an extreme moral man who is being punished unjustly for his crimes. Clearly, injustice is preferable to justice since it provides for a more fruitful life. â€Å"Is justice profitable?† Glacon’s argument to Socrates may appear very convincing at first glance. People who succeed in li... ...s less likely. Last but not least, injustice does not provide the most good for the most number of people. Just acts spawn other just acts just like unjust acts spawn other unjust acts. If everyone behaved unjustly, mankind would return to a state of nature (everyone is for themselves) which would be very unprofitable for the unjust individual due to a decreased likelihood of survival. An action is clearly unprofitable for the unjust individual if it would eventually create a hostile environment for him. Hence, one should set an example for others by living a just life which would create a better environment for him as well as for others. To sum up, justice is more profitable than injustice because it does not lead to true happiness, it gives way to possibility of punishment, and it creates a pattern of behavior which if universalized would lead to disaster.